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WR
Study-note
Index | | |
 HUMAN
 PERSONAL
- 70 Improve your thinking
English / French
“Problems cannot be solved by thinking within the framework within which the problems were created.”
Albert Einstein
- 53 Using Mindmaps
English / Mindmap (1-4)
Mindmaps are a tool for helping all types of people ) understand and remember a wide variety of information.
They suit a
wide range of abilities and cultures in developed and developing countries. This factsheet introduces
the idea and gives
details of the latest computer mind-mapping software.
- 33A Observing and learning
English / Spanish
Our capacity to observe and interpret is important if we are to gain knowledge about people, their needs
and problems.
Two temperaments centre around these abilities and therefore some people prefer work that gives them
priority. However,
we all must watch, think, remember and learn about our environment and colleagues if we are to work
for and with them.
- 38 Managing your time
English
Once the main purpose and objectives of your job have been clearly defined you can set priorities upon
tasks which are
both urgent and important. Find out by keeping a log which activities are time consuming and decide
whether these are
justifiable. Set limits on your activities and divide up your day into blocks but always allow
for the unexpected. Make use
of “to do lists” and desk diaries to remind you of what to do. Delegate suitable tasks to others where
deadlines have to be
met and learn to be assertive in order to minimise disruptions.
COMMUNAL
- STAKEHOLDERS
- 39 Who are stakeholders?
English / French / Spanish
The interests of stakeholders (or interest parties) need to be clearly distinguished in order to determine
the relative
importance and influence that particular groups will have in a project or programme. Analysis of these
stakeholder interests
should be carried out as early as possible in project planning to clarify assumptions and risks to a
project. This will ensure a
more robust design. and more appropriate benefits.
- 77 Tenure
English
Material produced for the PNRM course - to be finalised in factsheet format
- COMMUNITY
FORESTRY
- 68 Participation in Forest Management (DFID keysheet)
English
This factsheet reproduces the text of DFID’s Key Sheet for Sustainable Livelihoods of the same title,
with some minor
amendments
- 64 Participatory Forest Management
Kakemega case study
- 75 Rural Social Development
English
Material produced for the PNRM course - to be finalised in factsheet format
- 72 Participatory Forest Management
English
Material produced for the PNRM course - to be finalised in factsheet format
- 99 Evaluación de la Participación Rural
Spanish
- 102 Los Bosques y Usuarios de Bosques
Spanish
- 104 Participación del campesino en la investigación
Spanish
ORGANIZATIONAL
- GENERAL
- 19 Managing people - Overview
English / Phrase profiled /French/ Spanish
Many natural resources projects fail because of poor personnel management. Technical, social, economic, and institutional
expertise may be adequate, but if the ability to manage the people who apply these skills is lacking,
then success will be
elusive. The introductory "Working with People" titles (20-29) highlight key aspects of proficient
personnel management
from the point of view of a forestry manager.
- PLANNING
- 20 Managing people - Planning
English / Phrase profiled /French(20&21)
Planning is the selection of objectives and policies within an enterprise. It also involves the procedures
by which these
objectives are achieved. Planning is the function of a manager and must precede all others. The other
four functions are
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.
- SEE ALSO UNDER PRODUCED RESOURCES
- ORGANISING
- 22 Managing people - Organising
English / Phrase profiled /French(22&23)
Organizing is the second function of management, and involves the development of an appropriate structure
of roles within
an enterprise to enable it to carry out its activities and achieve its objectives. The other functions
are planning, staffing,
directing and controlling.
- 47A Describing Jobs
No text
- 47B Describing Jobs (part B)
English / French / Mindmap
Job types are many. They may be long-term posts within an organisation, medium-term within a project,
or short-term
consultancy inputs. In most cases, some form of clear and concise written description will required
of the scope, duties,
responsibilities and accountabilities of the job.
- 45 Institutional Development
English / French / W / Mindmap (1-4)
Institutions exist so that people can work together to achieve complex tasks and social functions. They
support and inform
social and professional interactions between individuals, groups and organisations. The ability to recognise
the need for
change and to respond productively to pressure for change is essential for modern managers.
- 46 Managing Change
English / Phrase profiled / French
Change is a complicated process, at the heart of which lie people. People tend to act habitually in
stable and predictable
patterns over time and this inertia needs to be overcome in order to implement planned changes and improve
organisational
effectiveness. One of the major tasks facing institutions in all sectors today is adaptability to change,
and management of
change.
- 36 NGOs - Agents of change
English
Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) play an increasingly important role in process projects where neither
government
nor donor is in a position to get sufficiently close to primary stakeholders. NGOs have become attractive
as effective
agents through which aid can be delivered and by which successful development can take place.
There are many different
types of NGOs and they vary widely in their activities and their representation of other peoples’ interests.
- 74 Partnerships
English
Material produced for the PNRM course - to be finalised in factsheet format
- STAFFING
- 24 Managing people - Staffing
English / Phrase profiled /French(24&25)
Staffing is the third function of management, and involves putting the right person in the right job
at the right time. The
people requires for each role in an enterprise have to be decided and recruited. They must be trained
where required, and
arrangements must be made for them to develop effectively in their role.
- 31B Understanding personalities (tables)
English /French/ Spanish
Table 1. Four traditional temperament types and typical traits
- 31A Understanding personalities
English / Phrase profiled /French/ Spanish
The way we relate to other people and work with them depends partly on our personalities. The traits
that distinguish one
person from another are many, complex and not easily analysed. However, relationships can be improved
if we have some
understanding of them. All of us have strengths and weaknesses which should be taken into account when
we work
together. This factsheet provides one approach (out of many) to introducing and understanding this complex
subject.
- 32A Working together
English /French
We usually form part of a team, working with others towards a shared objective. The extent to which
any person
participates in the team depends on their personality, expertise, interest and opportunity. It will
be controlled by the style of
leadership. Team-working has many advantages, and the degree of participation needs to respect personal,
cultural and
political characteristics.
- 32B Working together (tables)
English /French
Table 1:Characteristics of eight role preferences when working in teams
- 40 The changing face of training
English
Patterns of working are changing so that managers need to develop ”life long learning” strategies
by which they and their
staff can keep abreast of and make use of new information, technologies and techniques. Judgements need
to be made as
to when, where and how and with whom training takes place.
- DIRECTING
- 26 Managing people - Directing
English / Phrase profiled /French(26&27)
Directing is the fourth function of a manager. It involves the guidance and supervision of juniors (and
equals). This is
achieved by making clear the roles and responsibilities of staff, helping them to improve their performance
and encouraging
them to work with zeal and confidence.
- 76 Motivation
English
To be finalised in factsheet format
- 35 Dealing with differences
English / Spanish
People relate to life and work in many different ways. Although variety can be the spice of life, not
all of it is helpful. The
differences can be good or bad, and need to be properly managed.. Beneficial differences (e.g. skills,
interests, roles) need
to be built upon, and the potentially negative (e.g. misunderstandings, competitive parties, opposite
political views,
imbalance of wealth) must be dealt with in the most constructive way possible. This factsheet introduces
this important
aspect of management.
- 73 Conflict Resolution
English
Material produced for the PNRM course - to be finalised in factsheet format
- 43 Communications - writing and presenting
English / Spanish / Mindmap
The ability to make our thoughts, experiences and wishes known to others is an un-remarked skill of
daily life. Yet, like all
skills, there is considerable potential to improve our written and spoken communications. Easily mastered
ways to polish
up reports and become a confident public speaker are set out in this factsheet. Master them and career
prospects become
brighter!
- 44 Talking and listening
English / Spanish
As natural resource management becomes more participatory, the people involved must be prepared to spend
more time
“doing business” through informal discussions, rather that more formal presentations or writing. How
to carry out such
conversations may seem common-sense, but it is worthwhile reminding ourselves of good practice
- CONTROLLING
- 28 Managing people - Controlling
28/ Phrase profiled / French (28&29)
Controlling is the fifth and last function of the manager covered by this series of management notes.
Control is intended to
see that plans are carried out as prescribed. Control is achieved by the monitoring and evaluation of
the factors that
indicate the achievement of objectives, and then by taking action - through staff - to correct any deviations
from planned
action.
- 69 Monitoring and Evaluation
English / French
Monitoring and Evaluation is essential in making sure that development projects are more accountable
to their sponsors
and their beneficiaries. The two processes are separate though strongly linked. Monitoring should be
part of an effective
management information system. Evaluation deals with the periodic assessment of a project’s performance
and can be
carried out in a series of different ways. Participatory M&E has particular relevance for non-industrial
forestry projects.
NATIONAL
- 85 Political ideologies
English
This factsheet reproduces various perspectives on western political ideologies, as summarised by
Andrew Heywood in his
book “Political Ideologies - an introduction – Macmillan Press. The book is an excellent novices guide to the subject
- 71 Governance and Equity
English
Material produced for the PNRM course - to be finalised in factsheet format
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